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Athènes refuse de valider la position commune de l’UE pour la prochaine conférence des Nations unies sur le climat (COP30), qui aura lieu au Brésil, en raison des ambitions visant à verdir le transport maritime — un secteur important pour la Grèce.
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Written by Annastiina Papunen and Astrid Worum with Diogo Vieira Ferreira.
Only three weeks after the informal European Council meeting in Copenhagen on 1 October 2025, EU leaders will reconvene to continue their discussions on defence as well as Ukraine. On defence, the leaders’ main focus will be on the new Roadmap on European Defence Readiness 2030 and on addressing immediate threats on the eastern flank. Regarding the war in Ukraine, they will continue their discussion on Russia’s frozen assets and on the 19th sanctions package against Russia. Another prominent topic at this meeting will be competitiveness, with special attention on simplification, the nexus of green transition and industrial renewal, as well as Europe’s digital sovereignty. Additional agenda points include the situation in the Middle East, housing and migration. Following the European Council meeting, EU leaders will convene for a Euro Summit focusing on the capital markets union, the international role of the euro and the digital euro initiative.
1. GeneralAs usual, the European Council will start with an address by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola. In line with European Council President António Costa‘s new approach, the meeting is intended as a one-day event, but could extend to the next day if needed. Following parliamentary elections in Czechia, this meeting is expected to be the last one for Prime Minister Petr Fiala.
2. European Council meeting UkraineIn the context of intensified Russian drone and missile attacks on Ukraine, notably against civilian and energy infrastructure, the European Council is expected to reiterate its unwavering political, financial, military and humanitarian support for Ukraine. EU leaders may have an exchange of views with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, who could brief them on his disappointing visit to the US as regards the supply of missiles, and try to gather support ahead of the announced meeting in Budapest between US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
As indicated in Costa’s invitation letter, EU leaders will focus on financial support for Ukraine in the coming years and consider options for the use of up to €140 billion of Russia’s frozen assets for interest-free ‘reparation loans’ to Ukraine. While this plan is backed by a majority of EU Member States, some remain sceptical about the use of foreign assets, notably Belgium, host of Euroclear, and Luxembourg, who want further guarantees from the European Commission and the G7 that all partners would share the financial risk in case of lawsuits. A political decision at this European Council meeting would enable legislation to be put forward with a view to possibly starting payments in 2026. The meeting could also discuss burden-sharing within the G7 on a separate €45 billion loan scheme.
Determined to increase pressure on Russia, EU leaders will also need to find an agreement on the 19th sanctions package against Russia, which Slovakia continues to oppose; Austria has lifted its veto. The new package targets oil revenues, gas, banks, crypto-currencies and shadow fleets, with the EU and US aligning on measures to halt Russian oil purchases.
The European Council is also likely to discuss both i) ways of addressing Ukraine’s most pressing defence needs, notably air defence and drone systems, and ii) post-war security guarantees, to which the EU intends to contribute. In that context, it may welcome the ongoing revisions of the mandates of EUAM (EU civilian advisory mission in Ukraine) and EUMAM (European Union Military Assistance Mission Ukraine) to include cyber-defence and ‘strengthening Ukraine’s combat power by investing €2 billion in drones’. In addition, the European Council is likely to call on Russia and Belarus to ensure the safe return of forcefully deported Ukrainian children.
Finally, EU leaders could reiterate their support for Ukraine’s EU accession path and commend the progress achieved, with three clusters ready to be opened.
Middle EastFollowing the agreement reached on the initial phase of the peace plan between the Israelis and Palestinians proposed by President Trump and signed at the Sharm El-Sheikh Summit for Peace, EU leaders are likely to welcome the immediate release of the hostages held by Hamas and call for unimpeded humanitarian access to Gaza. President Costa, who attended the summit, commended the success of the peace plan and stressed that the EU ‘is fully committed to actively engage with all parties involved in the implementation of this Peace Plan’. He also noted that the EU ‘will expand our humanitarian assistance’ and ‘contribute to Gaza’s stabilisation and reconstruction’. In addition, EU leaders may call for de-escalation in the West Bank, notably in East Jerusalem, and an end to settler violence and to the expansion of illegal settlements. Finally, EU leaders are likely to reiterate their support for a two-state solution, in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions.
European defence and securityIn the context of an evolving threat landscape, and following intense discussions on defence at their 1 October meeting, EU leaders will review progress on EU defence readiness initiatives aimed at closing critical capability gaps by 2030. The ‘Roadmap on European Defence Readiness 2030′, presented on 16 October by the High Representative/Vice-President and the Commission at the request of EU leaders, will feed into the discussion. It translates the White Paper/ReArm Europe into operational milestones and outlines four European flagship projects (Eastern Flank Watch, European Drone Wall, European Air Shield, and European Defence Space Shield), while aiming to strengthen the EU’s military industrial complex and boosting joint procurement to an ambitious 40 % of defence purchases by 2027. The roadmap also calls on Member States to form Capability Coalitions in nine key areas through joint development and procurement. Even if generally well received, certain countries such as France, Germany and Sweden have insisted that Member States remain sovereign in their national defence – a point strongly underlined by the Commission in its proposal.
Following repeated violations of European airspace in recent weeks, which require a united response, as stressed by the European Parliament, EU leaders could underline the need to address the immediate threat to European security on the Eastern flank as a priority. They may discuss ways of reinforcing cooperation between Member States as well as efforts to develop anti-drone and air defence capabilities. While calling for the strengthening of the European Defence Agency in the capabilities development process, the European Council is also likely to review progress on financing and investment in the field of defence, notably regarding the €150 billion SAFE financial instrument and the European defence industry programme (EDIP), on which an agreement between the co-legislators has been reached.
Governance and oversight of defence readiness projects may also be raised, with a possible annual reporting system by defence ministers to the European Council to keep track of progress.
CompetitivenessCompetitiveness has been a frequent agenda point during this legislative period, appearing in all regular European Council meetings, except for that of December 2024. The April 2024 special meeting conclusions, the Letta report, the strategic agenda, the Draghi report, the November 2024 Budapest declaration and the March 2025 conclusions have all fed into the discussion. At their October meeting, EU leaders are expected to focus on three themes: i) simplification, ii) strategic debate on the climate objectives for 2040 and iii) Europe’s digital sovereignty.
Costa’s invitation letter stressed that the EU needed to ‘step up’ its efforts to deliver on simplification. The Budapest declaration had already called for a ‘simplification revolution’ to ensure ‘a clear, simple and smart regulatory framework for businesses and drastically reducing administrative, regulatory and reporting burdens, in particular for SMEs’. The work on the ‘Omnibus’ simplification packages is ongoing, but EU leaders may call for further efforts.
At the request of six Member States (France, Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Slovakia and Latvia), EU leaders will discuss the EU’s 2040 climate targets, which will determine the 2035 intermediate target to be submitted to the COP30 climate summit in Belém, Brazil. Currently, the Council has only agreed on a ‘declaration of intent’, setting a range for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. Back in June, ahead of the presentation of the ‘European Climate Law’, EU leaders had discussed the issue – which was not on the agenda – at length, as certain Member States feared the impact of the transition to carbon neutrality on EU competitiveness and industry. Thus, EU leaders are expected to approach the climate topic from a strong competitiveness perspective, calling for decarbonisation as a vector for industrial renewal, a notable change of approach.
The agenda point on Europe’s digital sovereignty is expected to repeat many points that have been discussed in previous meetings, including the importance of advancing digital transformation, strengthening sovereignty and basing digital policies and solutions on EU values and interests. Interestingly, EU leaders may also mention EU regulatory autonomy in digital issues, which has been brought up recently in connection with US trade negotiations.
HousingEU house prices have increased by 60.5 % and rents by 28.8 % on average from 2010 to 2025. This rise has generated financial difficulties for many EU citizens, especially as prices of many everyday items and utilities have also increased over the same period. As mentioned in the Leaders’ Agenda, EU leaders are expected to discuss the situation and support (additional) measures at European level to help improve access to affordable and decent housing. The European Council may also request the Commission to swiftly publish the European Affordable Housing Plan, currently under preparation. The European Parliament has set up a special committee to look into the EU housing crisis.
MigrationEU leaders will review the implementation of their June 2025 conclusions on migration, many of which are currently being discussed by the co-legislators, notably the return of irregular migrants and the mutual recognition of return decisions. As has been the usual format in recent European Council meetings, the discussions will be informed by a letter from the European Commission President. The elephant in the room is the migration pact which was adopted in 2024. Some EU leaders call for rapid implementation of the migration pact (e.g. Luxembourg Prime Minister Luc Frieden), while others, such as Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, have stated that they will not implement the pact, even claiming that they had got an exemption.
Although the number of irregular migrants has fallen by 20 % in 2025, in October 2025 nine Member States (Austria, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden and the Netherlands) were still carrying out long-term temporary internal border controls.
Other points Republic of MoldovaEU leaders will address the recent elections in Moldova, pledging their continued support for the country’s resilience and stability. They may reiterate Moldova’s accession path and acknowledge the significant progress achieved so far, inviting the Council and the Commission to take work forward, in line with the merit-based approach.
Pact for the MediterraneanIt is likely that EU leaders will welcome the new Pact for the Mediterranean, announced in the political guidelines 2024-2029 and published on 16 October 2025.
3. Euro SummitThe second Euro Summit of the year (the first one was in March 2025) will take place in inclusive format (with non-euro-area countries attending) on the same day as the regular European Council meeting. As usual, the current economic situation will be discussed with Eurogroup President Paschal Donohoe and European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde. Ahead of the meeting, Donohoe sent Costa a letter outlining themes currently important for the euro area, such as the capital markets union, the international role of the euro and the digital euro initiative.
Read the complete briefing on ‘Outlook for the meetings of EU leaders, 23 October 2025‘ in the Think Tank pages of the European Parliament.
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La Commission ne proposera pas de report de la règlementation anti-déforestation pour toutes les entreprises, mais uniquement pour les petites et micro-entreprises — et pas seulement les agriculteurs — commercialisant les produits couverts par la législation, selon trois sources parlementaires.
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Le député Orden Alladatin, président de la Commission des lois à l'Assemblée nationale, s'est exprimé dimanche 19 octobre 2025 sur Canal 3 dans l'émission Zone Franche au sujet de la polémique actuelle autour du parrainage dans le cadre de la présidentielle 2026.
Interrogé sur la nature du parrainage et sa compatibilité avec la liberté individuelle des élus, Orden Alladatin a rappelé l'esprit du texte révisé. « Le droit de parrainage est associé à chaque individu qui l'exerce dans le cadre de la loi. Tout le monde a cette compréhension. Si ce droit revenait au parti politique, le Code électoral l'aurait dit », a expliqué le président de la Commission des lois à l'Assemblée nationale, dimanche 19 octobre 2025 sur Zone Franche.
Le député de l'UP-R insiste sur la distinction fondamentale entre droit individuel et discipline de parti. Il admet que si un élu déroge à la ligne de son parti, ce dernier peut réagir selon ses propres règles internes, mais le droit fondamental reste intact. « C'est pour vous dire que pour la discipline du parti, si nous consentons à dire que nous allons dans le sens indiqué par le parti, c'est bon. Mais si une seule personne, comme ce que nous observons là, décide d'utiliser son droit de parrainage pas dans le sens de la discipline de son parti, il en a le droit républicain », a-t-il expliqué.
Encadrer sans étouffer
Revenant sur l'évolution récente du Code électoral, Alladatin explique que le texte a été amendé pour mettre fin aux situations ambiguës constatées lors des précédentes élections. « Par le passé, il était loisible à quelqu'un d'aller parrainer un candidat qui n'est pas de son bord. Et sur votre plateau ici, j'ai eu à dire qu'on ne saurait élire un grand électeur démocrate qui, au finish, vote pour un républicain président de la République ».
Pour le député membre de la mouvance présidentielle, le nouveau cadre légal encadre sans supprimer la liberté individuelle. « Le texte a été conçu pour que le parrainage demeure individuel mais encadré », a précisé Orden Alladatin.
Dans son explication, le président de la Commission des lois détaille les trois possibilités légales permettant à un élu de parrainer un candidat. Il faut que le candidat soit issu du même parti politique que le signataire du formulaire de parrainage ; ou désigné par son parti politique, même s'il n'en est pas membre ; ou encore un accord de gouvernance existe entre les partis. « De ce point de vue, dans cet espace aménagé, la liberté de chaque parrain demeure intégrale. Il faut le comprendre ainsi », a insisté Orden Alladatin.
Sans nommer explicitement son collègue Michel Sodjinou, Orden Alladatin semble répondre aux critiques venant du parti Les Démocrates, qui déplorent une instrumentalisation du parrainage à des fins politiques. Pour le président de la Commission des lois de l'Assemblée nationale, le débat mérite d'être posé dans sa complexité, mais en respectant le texte de loi et la séparation entre droits individuels et lignes partisanes.
M. M.
Le ministre d’État, ministre de l’Énergie et des Mines, Mohamed Arkab, a reçu aujourd’hui, mardi, l’ambassadeur de l’Union Européenne (UE) auprès de l’Algérie, Diego Mellado. […]
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