Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

Ny film om livredderne i Middelhavets flygtningegrav

Ny film om livredderne i Middelhavets flygtningegrav

Soeben ist ein neuer Fachaufsatz online erschienen, der die SOEP-Daten für die Soziologie beschreibt und der sich als Verweis gut eignet:

Marco Giesselmann, Sandra Bohmann, Jan Goebel, Peter Krause, Elisabeth Liebau, David Richter, Diana Schacht, Carsten Schröder, Jürgen Schupp, Stefan Liebig. 2019. The Individual in Context(s): Research Potentials of the Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) in Sociology. European Sociological Review (online first), https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz029

There are currently fourteen UN sanctions regimes, which member states are legally required to implement. Many of these are implemented in the context of armed conflict, where international humanitarian law outlines obligations to protect the provision of and access to principled humanitarian action. But despite efforts to make sanctions regimes more targeted, they continue to have unintended consequences, including impeding or preventing the provision of humanitarian assistance and protection—particularly when they coexist with counterterrorism measures.

This issue brief explains the various ways in which sanctions regimes can impact humanitarian action. Acknowledging that this is not a new issue—though one that may be of increasing concern—it identifies several factors that make it challenging to resolve. Finally, it lays out some avenues for progress, pointing to existing efforts and highlighting where more could be done.

Given that sanctions regimes are mostly targeted and that member states are bound to uphold the principles in the UN Charter and international humanitarian law (where it applies), sanctions should protect and not inhibit humani­tarian action. Where sanctions hinder aid, the impact on civilian populations is immediate, and efforts to backtrack will always come too late. Going forward, member states, the UN, financial institutions, and humanitarian actors should proactively and preventively tackle this problem. While the most effective courses of action will require political will, stakeholders at all levels can take incremental steps to help mitigate the impact.

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Danish Foreign Policy Review 2019 udgivet af DIIS er nu på gaden. Review indeholder i år tre fagfællevurderede forskerartikler, der analyserer centrale elementer i dansk udenrigspolitik.

In every fourth post-conflict country a new constitution is written, but the effect of these post-conflict constitution-making processes on peace remains understudied. Constitution-making has become a corner stone of peacebuilding efforts in post-conflict societies and is widely supported by international actors. It is often seen as a main component of a political transition necessary in states that have experienced internal warfare. This is because a successful constitution-making process establishes a new and potentially permanent governance framework that regulates access to power. However, systematic analyses of the effect of post-conflict constitution-making on peace have been lacking. This Briefing Paper presents new, empirical evidence showing that post-conflict constitution-making can contribute to peace.
Countries emerging from conflict often adopt new constitutions in order to signal a clear break with the past regime and to reform the institutions that are often seen as at least partially responsible for conflict having erupted in the first place. Post-conflict constitution-making has taken place in highly diverse settings – ranging from the aftermath of civil war, as in Nepal or South Africa, to interethnic clashes or electoral violence, as in Kyrgyzstan or Kenya. And in the current peace talks around Syria the question of writing a new constitution also plays a prominent role. Since academic evidence is lacking as to whether constitution-making can contribute to peace after civil war, it remains an open question whether efforts in this regard should be pursued by international actors.
This Briefing Paper presents evidence that writing a new constitution positively influences post-conflict countries’ prospects for peace (for the full analysis see Fiedler, 2019). It summarises innovative, statistical research on post-conflict constitution-making, conducted by the DIE project “Supporting Sustainable Peace”. Based on an analysis of 236 post-conflict episodes between 1946 and 2010, two main results with clear policy implications emerge:

• Writing a new constitution reduces the risk of conflict recurrence. The analysis shows a statistically significant and robust association between writing a new constitution after experiencing violent conflict and sustaining peace. International efforts to support post-conflict constitution-making are hence well-founded. The theoretical argument behind the relationship suggests that it is important that constitution-making processes enable an extensive inter-elite dialogue that helps build trust in the post-conflict period.
• Post-conflict constitution-making processes that take longer are more beneficial for peace. This is likely because the trust-building effect of constitution-making only occurs when enough time enables bargaining and the development of a broad compromise. International actors frequently pressure post-conflict countries to go through these processes very quickly, in only a matter of months. The results question this approach, as very short constitution-making processes do not positively affect peace.

Maria Metzing, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im SOEP, hat ihre Dissertation an der Freien Universität Berlin erfolgreich verteidigt.

Die Doktorarbeit mit dem Titel "Essays on Inequality: Income Distribution, (Just) Taxation and Well-being" wurde von Prof. Dr. Carsten Schröder (DIW Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin) und Prof. Dr. Ronnie Schöb (Freie Universität Berlin) betreut. Wir gratulieren Maria herzlich zu ihrem Erfolg und wünschen ihr alles Gute für ihre weiter Karriere.

Kan partnerskaber løse alle verdens udfordringer?

Kan partnerskaber løse alle verdens udfordringer?

Ny hvidbog fra Norges blå regering kan med fordel inspirere en kommende rød regering i Danmark

Cortnie Anne Shupe, who worked at the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) department, has successfully defended her dissertation at the Freie Universität Berlin.

The dissertation with the title "Household Finances and Labor Supply: The Role of Public Policies" was supervised by Prof. Dr. Carsten Schröder (Freie Universität Berlin, DIW Berlin) and Prof. David Neumark, PhD (University of California Irvine, Institute of Labor Economics).

We congratulate Cortnie on her success and wish her all the best for her future career.

Europæiske lande modarbejder hinanden i det kaotiske Libyen. Konsekvensen kan både blive mere uro og flere flygtninge i Europa, konstaterer seniorforsker Hans Lucht i Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten

Europæiske lande modarbejder hinanden i det kaotiske Libyen. Konsekvensen kan både blive mere uro og flere flygtninge i Europa, konstaterer seniorforsker Hans Lucht i Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten

Zusammenfassung:

Unterschiede in den Renteneinkommen zwischen den Geschlechtern sind in Europa teils riesig – In Deutschland große Unterschiede zwischen West und Ost – Länderübergreifender Zusammenhang zwischen Rentenlücken und geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden am Arbeitsmarkt – Bessere Aufteilung von Sorge- und Erwerbsarbeit, etwa durch Abschaffung des Ehegattensplittings, könnte Erwerbsbiografien von Frauen stärken und Rentenlücken verkleinern

Männer erhalten in fast allen untersuchten Ländern Europas höhere Renten als Frauen – auch wenn man die Gender Pension Gaps um Alter und Bildung bereinigt. Diese Rentenlücken variieren allerdings sehr stark: Während in Estland fast kein Gender Pension Gap zu erkennen ist, liegt er in Luxemburg mit knapp 74 Prozent am höchsten. Die Rentenlücke in Ostdeutschland ist nur knapp halb so groß wie die Lücke in Westdeutschland. In der Regel fallen die Lücken in den skandinavischen und osteuropäischen Ländern am geringsten aus.

In an interview with FRANCE 24 in The Hague, IPI President Terje Rød-Larsen discussed the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process, and also shared his thoughts on the merits of the Trump administration’s plans for peace between Israelis and Palestinians.

On Friday, June 21st, IPI is hosting a speaker series event featuring Mr. Pierre Krähenbühl, Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.

Remarks will begin at 10:15am PST / 1:15pm EST

Appointed by the secretary-general in November 2013, Pierre Krähenbühl became commissioner-general of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees on March 30, 2014. As commissioner-general, he serves at the level of under-secretary-general. A Swiss national, Mr. Krähenbühl has nearly 30 years of experience in humanitarian, human rights and development work.

Prior to joining UNRWA, Mr. Krähenbühl served as director of Operations at the International Committee of the Red Cross from July 2002 to January 2014, responsible for the conduct, management, and supervision of 12,000 ICRC staff working in 80 countries. In this position, he directly oversaw that organization’s response to conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Colombia and Libya, among others. He led senior-level negotiations with a range of governments, armed forces, and other groups to secure access to conflict-affected populations.

Mr. Krähenbühl’s experience also includes diverse and demanding field assignments in places experiencing profound social change and armed conflict, including El Salvador, Peru, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The event will be moderated by Dr. Adam Lupel, vice president of IPI.

Verdensmål og global orden

Verdensmål og global orden

Mila Staneva, who worked at the Education and Family Department, has successfully defended her dissertation at the Freie Universität Berlin.

The dissertation with the title “Employment alongside Bachelor’s Studies in Germany. Implications for Education Outcomes, the School-to-Work Transition, and Social Inequality” was supervised by Prof. Dr. Heike Solga (WZB Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin) and Prof. Dr. C. Katharina Spieß (DIW Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin).
We congratulate Mila on her success and wish her all the best for her future career!