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Einen Moment lang nicht geschaut – und schon ist es passiert. Im US-Bundesstaat Wisconsin klettert ein 2-Jähriger durch die Ausgabeklappe in einen Plüschtier-Automaten und kommt nicht mehr raus. Dann rückt die Feuerwehr aus.

Ein Forscherteam um Sam Parnia von der New York University ist der Frage nachgegangen, was in unserem Gehirn passiert, wenn man einen Herzinfarkt hat. Sie haben dafür Reanimationen begleitet und die Gehirnströme der Patienten gemessen. Das Ergebnis erstaunt.

One of the biggest hidden threats to ocean health comes from biofouling — the accumulation of algae, barnacles and microorganisms on ships’ hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. Credit: Aaron Smulktis/Unsplash

By Kizito Makoye
MAFIA ISLAND, Tanzania , May 14 2026 (IPS)

Under the warm waters off Tanzania’s Mafia Island, marine scientist Asha Mgeni hovers above a coral reef she has studied for years. Small fish dart through the currents. To most divers, the reef appears pristine. But Mgeni notices something unusual.

Tucked between coral branches are invasive organisms disrupting the reef’s natural growth and species, which were not there before, she says.

“We know these reefs,” she tells IPS. “When something new appears, it stands out immediately.”

For communities along Tanzania’s coastline, coral reefs are ecological treasures. They cradle fish stocks, soften the blow of crashing waves and support coastal economies increasingly threatened by climate change and environmental degradation.

Scientists say one of the biggest hidden threats comes from biofouling — the accumulation of algae, barnacles and microorganisms on ships’ hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. For decades, ballast water was considered shipping’s main pathway for spreading invasive aquatic species. But maritime experts now say biofouling can no longer be ignored.

“Ballast water has certainly, historically at least, been considered the primary vector for IAS introductions,” says Will Griffiths, Project Technical Analyst at the International Maritime Organization. “However, the role played by biofouling in this regard has become more recognised in recent years, with some studies suggesting that in some locations, such as parts of Hawaii and New Zealand, it may have been the primary vector.”

Fish vendors wait for the arrival of the day’s catch along the shoreline in coastal Tanzania, where fishing sustains thousands of livelihoods. Marine scientists say invasive aquatic species linked to international shipping could disrupt fisheries and threaten food security for vulnerable coastal communities. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS

As global shipping expands, marine experts warn that invasive species are spreading through trade routes, disrupting ecosystems and threatening biodiversity. Scientists and regulators say biofouling can transport  marine organisms and pathogens across ecosystems, threatening fisheries and coastal economies.

“It is also worth noting that biofouling can represent a great species richness in terms of species transported by ships and also, therefore, potential pathogens,” Griffiths tells IPS.

Mwanahija Shalli, a professor of Marine and Coastal Resources Management at the University of Dar es Salaam, says marine biodiversity underpins livelihoods for millions of coastal residents through fisheries and tourism.

“Invasive aquatic species threaten ecosystems and fisheries by displacing native species,” she says. “If we fail to manage biofouling, we undermine important conservation efforts.”

A broad alliance led by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is stepping up efforts to confront a major environmental threat from shipping: the spread of invasive aquatic species through biofouling.

Port and maritime officials inspect a vessel at the Port of Dar es Salaam as part of efforts to monitor the environmental risks posed by invasive marine species spread through global shipping routes. Experts say biofouling on ship hulls has become a growing threat to marine biodiversity and coastal economies. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS

Known as the GloFouling Partnerships Project, the initiative aims to help countries strengthen regulations, improve monitoring systems and build technical capacity to reduce the transfer of invasive species through international shipping. The project supports  efforts to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — particularly the target to conserve and sustainably use oceans, seas and marine resources — while delivering climate benefits through improved vessel efficiency and lower emissions.

Scientists say organisms nestled on ship hulls increase drag, forcing vessels to burn more fuel and produce more emissions.

“Biofouling changes the affected ships’ hydrodynamics and increases drag, meaning there is increased fuel consumption and thus increased greenhouse gas emissions,” Griffiths says. “This can also be a major issue when fouling is on the ship’s propellers, which, due to shape, require specialist cleaning.”

He says biofouling can also interfere with vessel operations.

“There is also some anecdotal evidence to suggest fouling can cause blockages in seawater intakes, affect engine performance and even firefighting systems in extreme cases, which further increases fuel consumption,” he says.

Andrew Hume, Senior Environmental Specialist at the Global Environment Facility, says the initiative builds on earlier international efforts to control invasive species transported through ballast water.

“The GloFouling project builds on a long-standing partnership between the GEF UNDP and the IMO to address shipping impacts on the marine environment,” he says.

According to Hume, the project closes a major gap by targeting hull biofouling, another key pathway for invasive species transfer.

“Keeping ships’ hulls free from just a thin layer of slime could reduce a ship’s greenhouse gas emissions by up to 25 per cent,” Hume says.

A cargo ship enters the Port of Dar es Salaam, one of East Africa’s busiest maritime gateways. As shipping traffic increases, scientists and regulators are raising concerns about biofouling — the buildup of marine organisms on ship hulls that can transport invasive species across oceans. Credit: Kizito Makoye/IPS

Marine scientists warn that invasive aquatic species can dramatically alter ecosystems, outsmart native organisms and damage fisheries that support coastal livelihoods. The issue is  raising international concern as governments struggle to balance burgeoning maritime trade with the protection of ocean ecosystems. Griffiths says the international community has made substantial progress regulating ballast water through the Ballast Water Management Convention, but biofouling controls still lag behind.

“An important aspect to consider is that there is a robust international legal framework for managing ballast water, whereas at the international level biofouling provisions are, for the moment, recommendatory and only a few countries have biofouling regulations,” he explains.

Across East Africa, rising cargo traffic has increased concern about shipping’s ecological footprint. Similar efforts are underway globally. Indonesia estimates improved biofouling management could generate up to USD 7 million annually through healthier reefs, lower fuel consumption and reduced port maintenance costs.

In Peru, authorities are building a national aquatic biodiversity database to help scientists detect invasive species before they spread along the coastline.

“Collaboration in the project enabled the authorities to develop a national aquatic biodiversity catalogue providing the baseline knowledge to detect invasive species early and undertake rapid response,” Griffiths says.

In Fiji, the results are impressive.

“Fiji reported that as a result of the GloFouling dry dock training, they had improved the technical capacity of local personnel and gained access to resources to upgrade local facilities,” Griffiths says, adding that the programme had strengthened confidence among local maritime operators and enhanced Fiji’s position in the regional maritime services market

Meanwhile, Mauritius is encouraging private-sector investment in technologies designed to protect fragile marine ecosystems. Over the past six years, countries participating in the GloFouling initiative have moved toward stricter regulation and greater regional cooperation.

Australia and New Zealand have already introduced fully enforceable national regimes requiring clean hulls, biofouling management plans, record books and inspections consistent with the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines. Griffiths says Brazil has emerged as a leader among developing nations.

“Brazil is the newest and most explicit adopter, directly embedding the 2023 guidelines into mandatory port state law,” he says. “Unlike the IMO’s voluntary approach, however, Brazil sets an explicit enforceable standard: vessels must arrive with no more than microfouling.”

The project has also expanded into maritime training and private-sector cooperation. Through the Global Industry Alliance, companies are testing hull coatings and cleaning technologies to limit the spread of invasive species.

“One of the project’s most transformative impacts has been creating a collaborative platform where technology innovators, regulators and industry leaders jointly develop and implement solutions for biofouling,” Griffiths says.

The alliance, initially created to support the project, has since evolved into a permanent collaboration. Griffiths says the group is expanding research into hull inspection technologies and the environmental impacts of antifouling coatings.

“The continuation of the GIA and its ongoing studies offers exceptional value as a driving force for industry innovation, standard-setting and knowledge dissemination,” he says.

Hume says the initiative builds on earlier GEF-supported efforts that led to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. He says the programme has since helped develop the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines and supported pilot projects in 12 countries.

Hume says the GEF is preparing a second phase of investment aimed at helping more countries implement the IMO’s 2023 Biofouling Guidelines and strengthen international cooperation.

“The objective is to strengthen national and institutional capacity of developing countries to implement the guidelines in order to reduce invasive species and lower greenhouse gas emissions,” he says.

A second phase of investment expected before June  aims to strengthen national capacity, expand implementation and advance discussions toward a legally binding global framework on biofouling management. Although the GloFouling project officially concluded in May 2025, Griffiths says efforts are continuing through training programmes, technical studies and industry partnerships designed to maintain momentum ahead of anticipated binding international regulations by 2030.

Experts say cleaner hulls not only reduce the spread of invasive species but also lower fuel consumption and carbon emissions. However, scientists caution that poorly managed hull-cleaning practices can release chemicals and microplastics into marine environments.

Back on Mafia Island, Mgeni says the changes beneath the water are often subtle before they become irreversible.

“Once invasive species establish themselves, it becomes much harder to restore the balance,” she says.

For communities that depend on reefs for food, tourism and protection from storms, the battle against biofouling is becoming a fight to protect the ecosystems and livelihoods that depend on the ocean.

Note: The Eighth Global Environment Facility Assembly will be held from May 30 to June 6, 2026, in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
This feature is published with the support of the GEF. IPS is solely responsible for the editorial content, and it does not necessarily reflect the views of the GEF.

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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Die Metropole Berlin zieht Menschen aus der ganzen Welt an – auch aus der Schweiz. Vor bald neun Jahren wanderte die Aargauer Moderatorin Bettina Bestgen (38) in die deutsche Hauptstadt aus. Heute ist sie die Schweizer Stimme des 1. FC Union Berlin.

Die Landesregierung will den 1. Mai nicht zum nationalen Feiertag erklären lassen. Die Kantone könnten selbst über eine bestimmte Anzahl Festtage bestimmen – daher der Flickenteppich in der Schweiz.

In der Nacht auf Donnerstag wurde an der Baslerstrasse in Allschwil BL ein UBS-Bancomat gesprengt. Ein Grosseinsatz der Polizei läuft auch am Donnerstagvormittag.

Am Mittwochabend hat ein Junglenker in einem Parkhaus in Spreitenbach das Gas- und Bremspedal verwechselt. Er crashte seinen Sportwagen gegen einen Stützpfeiler.

Kárpátalja.ma: Az eddigi legintenzívebb orosz légitámadás sújtotta május 13-án Kárpátalját a teljes körű háború kirobbanása óta. Miroszlav Bileckij kormányzó jelentése szerint több járásban is a létfontosságú infrastruktúrát támadta az ellenség.

Der frühere Stabschef von Präsident Wolodimir Selenski, Andrij Jermak, muss nun in Untersuchungshaft. Er war im Zuge einer umfassenden Korruptionsuntersuchung angeklagt worden.

Hirado.hu: A Kárpátalját ért orosz dróntámadás miatt a külügyminiszter csütörtök (5. 14.) délelőttre berendelte Oroszország budapesti nagykövetét – jelentette be Magyar Péter miniszterelnök a Tisza-kormány első, ópusztaszeri sajtótájékoztatóján szerdán (5. 13.).

A fegyveripari befektetések révén Szlovákia lett az Észak-atlanti Szövetség (NATO) egyik fő lőszergyártója – jelentette ki Peter Pellegrini köztársasági elnök szerdán (5. 13.) a bukaresti kilencek (B9) csúcstalálkozója után.

Radtalent Albert Philipsen stürzt im Training heftig. Und kommt ohne schwere Verletzungen davon. Wie gezeichnet er dennoch von dem Zwischenfall ist, zeigt der Däne auf Social Media.

Euronews: Trumpot vörös szőnyeges ceremóniával fogadták a Népi Nagy Csarnokban, mielőtt megkezdte volna a kétoldalú tárgyalásokat Hszi Csin-pinggel. A kínai elnök szerint a két országnak „együtt kell dolgoznia a globális kihívások kezelésén”, míg Trump úgy fogalmazott, hogy a két nemzet előtt „fantasztikus közös jövő” állhat. Trump személyesen is dicsérte Hszit, „nagyszerű vezetőnek” nevezte, és azt mondta, hogy a két politikus közvetlen kapcsolattartással eddig mindig gyorsan rendezni tudta a nézetkülönbségeket.

Amira Aly und TV-Moderator Christian Düren erwarten ihr erstes gemeinsames Kind. Das gibt die deutsche Moderatorin am Mittwoch bekannt.

Opening plenary session, INC 5.2 of the global plastics negotiations, Palais des Nations, Geneva, 5 August 2025. Credit: Craig Boljkovac

By Craig Boljkovac
GENEVA, May 14 2026 (IPS)

Norway’s reported decision to review and place on hold aspects of its funding to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) should be understood as more than a budgetary matter. It is a political signal. It is also a warning that the global plastics treaty negotiations may now be approaching the point at which governments must decide whether the present UNEP process can still deliver the treaty they promised, or whether a different pathway is required.

There should be no misunderstanding. Norway has been one of the strongest supporters of an ambitious global plastics treaty. It co-leads, with Rwanda, the High Ambition Coalition. It has also been the largest listed contributor to the INC process, with UNEP’s donor table showing more than USD 7.2 million in contributions received from Norway as of 25 March 2026.

Its apparent decision to pause or review funding therefore cannot be dismissed as marginal. It comes from a country that has invested politically and financially in the process and that has consistently positioned itself on the side of ambition.

That is precisely why the signal matters.

If Norway is now forcing a moment of reflection, it may be doing the negotiations a service. A process that cannot conclude, cannot decide, and cannot distinguish between genuine compromise and procedural obstruction needs more than another round of careful facilitation. It needs political clarity.

The original mandate was not ambiguous. In March 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly agreed to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, addressing the full lifecycle of plastics, with the aim of completing the work by the end of 2024. That deadline has passed.

The fifth session in Busan did not produce a treaty. The resumed fifth session in Geneva did not produce a treaty. INC-5.3 in February 2026 was essentially an organizational session, including the election of a new Chair. We are now looking toward INC-5.4, possibly at the end of 2026 or in early 2027.

At some point, the numbering itself approaches the point of absurdity. INC-5.4 is not a normal negotiating milestone. It is the fourth attempt to complete the fifth session of a process that was supposed to conclude in 2024. This is not multilateral patience. It is clearly a form of procedural dysfunction.

None of this is intended as disrespect toward Ambassador Julio Cordano of Chile, the newly elected Chair of the INC. On the contrary, he has taken on one of the most difficult environmental negotiations in recent memory.

He inherited a fractured process, an absurdly complicated text, deeply polarized delegations, and an increasingly visible divide between countries seeking a full-lifecycle treaty and those seeking a narrower waste-management instrument. This is despite his stated and admirable determination to get the treaty “over the line.”

The difficulty, however, is that all indications suggest that the Chair is pursuing a highly neutral, process-oriented path. That is understandable. A Chair in this setting is expected to maintain confidence across the room, including among delegations whose positions are far apart. But neutrality is not the same as progress.

At a certain point, a too-neutral process can become a shield for those who prefer no outcome, or only the weakest possible outcome. And his treatment of observers, despite recent indications that he will take their views more fully into consideration, still leaves much to be desired in a UN system that contends to be as broadly inclusive as possible.

The gap between the Like-Minded countries and the High Ambition Coalition is not a drafting problem. It is a political problem. One group of countries wants an agreement that addresses the full lifecycle of plastics, including production, design, hazardous chemicals, products, trade, waste, finance and implementation.

Another group seeks to confine the treaty largely to downstream waste management, recycling and national discretion. These are not merely different textual preferences. They are different theories of the treaty. The mandate for the negotiations clearly states that the former, not the latter, is what should be pursued.

If the process continues to treat these positions as equally bridgeable, it will continue to reward delay. Consensus can be a tool for legitimacy. But in this process, it is increasingly at risk of becoming a veto mechanism for the least ambitious actors.

The result is predictable: more informal consultations, more revised texts, more late-night sessions, more statements of disappointment, and still no treaty.

This is why Norway’s move deserves, at minimum, a measure of credit. It has introduced a hard political question into a process that has become too comfortable with postponement. If countries are serious about concluding a meaningful treaty within UNEP, they should do so now. Not after another “informal” round. Not after another partial session. Not after INC-5.5 or INC-5.6. Now.

But if they are not prepared to do so, then high-ambition countries should begin preparing an alternative. The obvious precedent is the Ottawa Process on anti-personnel landmines. When the established disarmament machinery could not deliver a comprehensive ban, a coalition of like-minded governments, supported by civil society and international organizations, moved outside the blocked forum and negotiated a treaty among those prepared to act.

The Mine Ban Treaty was opened for signature in Ottawa in December 1997 and was later (after agreement was reached) brought back into the broader UN treaty system.

That example is important because it shows that moving outside a blocked UN process is not necessarily anti-UN. It can be pro-multilateralism. The Ottawa Process did not reject international law; it created it. It did not wait for the least ambitious actors to become ready. It allowed the most ambitious actors to move first and then invited others to join.

A plastics “Ottawa Process” would not need to start from zero. The UNEP negotiations have already generated years of technical work, draft text, legal options, coalition positions, scientific input and stakeholder engagement. A like-minded process could take the strongest elements from that work and use them as the basis for an agreed treaty text.

Participation could be open to all states, but on the basis of a minimum level of ambition: full lifecycle coverage; legally binding obligations; controls on problematic products and chemicals of concern; a necessary focus on supply chains; credible implementation financing; and reporting and review mechanisms.

The next stage should therefore be framed as a final test. INC-5.4 should be treated as the last credible opportunity for the UNEP process to produce a treaty that reflects the mandate adopted in 2022.

If that session produces only another procedural continuation, or a weak agreement stripped of lifecycle measures, production-related provisions, and meaningful controls on chemicals and products, then high-ambition countries should move immediately toward an Ottawa-style diplomatic track.

The plastics crisis is not waiting for the INC process to resolve its internal contradictions. Plastic production continues to grow, in accordance with targets set by like-minded countries. Waste continues to leak into rivers, oceans, soils and food systems. Communities continue to bear the health and environmental costs. The purpose of the negotiations was to respond to that reality, not to create an indefinite process for describing it.

Norway’s funding decision may therefore prove useful if it forces governments to confront the obvious. Either the UNEP negotiations now become serious, political and outcome-oriented, or the countries that are serious about ending plastic pollution should create a pathway of their own.

That would not be a failure of multilateralism. It may be the only way left to save it.

Craig Boljkovac is a Geneva-based Senior Advisor with a Regional Centre for the Basel and Stockholm Conventions, and an independent international environmental consultant with over 35 years of experience in relevant fields. His opinions are his own. He has participated in several INCs and related meetings for the global plastics agreement.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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Gender equality is a core value of the European Union (EU) and a fundamental right under EU law. Over the past decades, the EU has adopted legislation to combat discrimination, reduce the gender pay gap, fight gender‑based violence and promote equal rights.
In March 2026, the European Commission adopted the gender equality strategy 2026‑2030. The new strategy builds on the previous gender equality strategy 2020‑2025 and the roadmap for women’s rights, endorsed by all 27 EU countries in 2025.
The strategy focuses on gender-based violence and cyberviolence, equal pay and work-life balance, women’s health, AI-related risks and online platforms, and gender balance in decision-making, sport and culture.

Gender‑based violence

Gender-based violence is violence directed against an individual because of their gender. It mainly affects women and girls, and includes rape, harassment and female genital mutilation, as well as psychological and economic violence.
The EU directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence, adopted in 2024, criminalises female genital mutilation, forced marriage and several forms of gender-based cyberviolence. EU countries must incorporate it into their national laws by 14 June 2027.
The EU acceded in 2023 to the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention, a treaty on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. Bulgaria, Czechia, Lithuania, Hungary and Slovakia have not yet ratified the convention. In its November 2025 resolution, Parliament urged them to do so.

Employment

‘Equal pay for equal work’ is a principle set out in the EU treaties, and EU law prohibits gender-based pay discrimination. Despite this, women in the EU still earn on average 11.1 % less per hour than men.
The Pay Transparency Directive from 2023 requires companies to disclose salary information, report on pay gaps and take corrective action where gaps exceed 5 %. The burden of proof in discrimination claims lies with the employer.
The Women on Boards Directive from 2022 requires at least 40 % of non-executive director posts or 33 % of all director posts in the EU’s largest listed companies to be held by the under-represented gender by June 2026. The current EU average share of women on boards is 34 %.

The EU gender pension gap still stands at 25 %, contributing to older women being at greater risk of poverty and social exclusion than older men. EU laws also guarantee a minimum of 14 weeks of maternity leave, four months of parental leave per parent (at least two months paid and non-transferable) and 10 working days of paternity leave. Citizens can find more detailed information about their leave rights on the Your Europe website.

Healthcare

The 2026‑2030 gender equality strategy is the first to treat women’s health as a separate policy area. The Commission plans to launch a joint initiative with the World Health Organization (WHO) on women’s healthcare, and work with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to ensure that differences between men and women are better taken into account in the development and approval of medicines.
In February 2026, the Commission replied to the ‘My Voice My Choice’ European citizens’ initiative on abortion, acknowledging that unsafe abortion is a public health concern. In its December 2025 resolution, Parliament expressed support for the initiative.

The 2022 revision of the VAT Directive already allows EU countries to apply reduced or zero VAT rates on menstrual products.

AI and online platforms

The strategy also addresses AI-related risks to women, including gender bias in recruitment and the spread of sexually explicit deepfakes. Under the Digital Services Act, in January 2026 the Commission opened an investigation into whether the provider of X properly assessed and mitigated risks related to its Grok AI tool, including the spread of manipulated, sexually explicit images.

The directive on combating violence against women requires that EU countries criminalise the non-consensual sharing of intimate images, including AI-generated deepfakes, by June 2027.

Gender balance in EU institutions

The proportion of female MEPs in the European Parliament has steadily risen over the years. However, after the 2024 European elections, the share of women MEPs fell to under 40 %. In the Commission, 49 % of management positions are now held by women, up from 40 % in 2019. Since the start of Ursula von der Leyen’s second term in December 2024, 11 of the 27 Commissioners have been women.
The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) monitors gender balance across the EU and supports EU countries in integrating a gender perspective into their policies.

Keep sending your questions to the Citizens’ Enquiries Unit (Ask EP)! We will reply in the EU language in which you write to us.

Consommation massive d'eau et d'électricité, expropriations, bénéfices limités pour l'économie locale : le méga centre de données Panthéon, prévu en Banija, région déshéritée de Croatie, cristallise les dérives du capitalisme numérique et l'emprise de la Big Tech américaine sur les ressources européennes.

- Articles / Novosti, Une - Diaporama, Economie, Croatie, Environnement, Une - Diaporama - En premier

Consommation massive d'eau et d'électricité, expropriations, bénéfices limités pour l'économie locale : le méga centre de données Panthéon, prévu en Banija, région déshéritée de Croatie, cristallise les dérives du capitalisme numérique et l'emprise de la Big Tech américaine sur les ressources européennes.

- Articles / Novosti, Une - Diaporama, Economie, Croatie, Environnement, Une - Diaporama - En premier

Am Donnerstag haben sich US-Präsident Donald Trump und Chinas Staatschef Xi Jinping in Peking getroffen. Der Iran war dabei ein zentrales Gesprächsthema. Einig sind sich die beiden Staatschefs darüber, dass die Strasse von Hormus offen bleiben müsse.

Le verdict contre Hashim Thaçi et ses co-accusés était prévu fin mai, mais les anciens commandants de l'UÇK devront attendre - au moins - jusqu'au 20 juillet pour être fixés sur leur sort. Ils encourent 45 ans de prison. Un report mal perçu au Kosovo.

- Articles / Kosovo, Défense, police et justice, Kosovo juger crimes de guerres, Trafic organes UCK, Radio Slobodna Evropa, Une - Diaporama