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Traditionnellement pro-Fidesz, les Magyars de Roumanie ayant la double nationalité vont-ils voter autrement lors des législatives hongroises ? Coup de projecteur sur le vote des Magyars de Transylvanie lors des législatives hongroises du 12 avril prochain. C'est Silvia Marton - maître de conférences en sciences politiques à l'Université de Bucarest - qui nous éclaire sur les enjeux et les tendances.

- Articles / Courrier des Balkans, Populations, minorités et migrations, Orban Balkans, Politique, Roumanie, Une - Diaporama - En premier, Une - Diaporama

« Apparemment, aux yeux de Trump, ce n’est plus : “Si je casse quelque chose, je le répare”, mais “Je casse quelque chose, et c’est l’UE qui le réparera” », a déclaré un diplomate

The post Détroit d’Ormuz : « Pas notre problème », claque Washington appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Magyarország és Oroszország együttműködik az EU érdekeit érintő ügyekben. A történetben Szlovákia is együttműködő államként szerepel, jelentette ki Ivan Korčok a Progresszív Szlovákia (PS) keddi (3. 31.) sajtótájékoztatóján. A PS szerint egyértelmű bizonyítékok a Szijjártó és Lavrov közötti beszélgetés nyilvánosságra hozott felvételei és átiratai.

Également dans l'édition de mercredi : la clause de défense de l'UE, Tsikhanouskaya, Euronews, les retours de migrants, Ormuz, EPSO

The post La saison de la trahison appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Written by Tristan Marcelin.

Introduction Some history

The concept of a regulatory sandbox already existed before the AI Act. According to Arto Lanamäki et al., it first emerged in 2016 with the United Kingdom’s financial technology (fintech) regulation. Studies suggest that regulatory sandboxes have reduced legal uncertainty and raised fintech venture investment. A 2022 EPRS publication also lists other sectors where regulatory sandboxes have emerged as test beds, including transport, energy, telecommunications and health. It adds that the UK and Norway have already established regulatory sandboxes for AI products. It also notes that the European Parliament has called for introducing regulatory sandboxes in several resolutions since 2019.

Definition

AI regulatory sandboxes were first introduced in the proposal for a regulation on artificial intelligence (AI Act) published by the European Commission in April 2021. The final version of the AI Act, adopted in 2024, defines an AI regulatory sandbox as ‘a controlled framework set up by a competent authority which offers providers or prospective providers of AI systems the possibility to develop, train, validate and test, where appropriate in real-world conditions, an innovative AI system, pursuant to a sandbox plan for a limited time under regulatory supervision’.

Benefits and risks

Regulatory sandboxes offer three main benefits: they can help regulators develop better policies, innovators to develop compliant AI products, and consumers by bringing safer products on to the market. In a 2020 report, the OECD found they may facilitate dialogue between authorities and new players entering the market. Another report from the World Bank confirms these benefits based on its study of the fintech sector. However, the World Bank report also warns of implementation risks, where additional administrative burdens and lack of resources could outweigh the benefits.

AI Act regulatory sandboxes Obligations on Member States

EU Member States are required to ensure their national competent authorities establish, or participate in, at least one AI regulatory sandbox, which should be operational by 2 August 2026. The AI regulatory sandboxes aim to improve legal certainty to achieve regulatory compliance, support sharing of best practices through fostering cooperation, innovation and competitiveness, contribute to evidence-based regulatory learning and speed up access to the single market. They are accessible on a voluntary basis and include specific measures targeted at SMEs and start-ups.

Implementation and coordination

The AI Act established a hybrid enforcement system whereby the Commission and the European AI board assist Member States in setting up their AI regulatory sandboxes. National competent authorities are also obliged to coordinate with and report to EU‑level entities, produce guidance, supervision and support within the sandboxes, and facilitate cross-border cooperation. Meanwhile, the Commission is required to adopt secondary legislation that specifies how the AI Act is to be implemented and gives details of terms and conditions and how to access sandboxes. The European Data Protection Supervisor may also establish an AI regulatory sandbox for EU institutions.

Challenges Design

Claudio Novelli et al. describe three phases of regulatory sandboxes: pre-testing, testing and post-testing. Designing a sandbox involves defining the variables of each phase, such as the eligibility criteria (pre-testing), the level of realism and replication of oversight (testing), and the exit pathway and streamlined conformity assessments (post-testing). They believe the right balance must be struck between each variable to attract innovators and ensure compliance. For instance, eligibility criteria should permit different situations and lead to a tailored track when using the sandbox, since AI systems in early-stage development do not need the same support as those in late-stage development.

Fragmentation

The rules for AI systems are enforced at Member State level through national authorities. While Member States must ensure that authorities have enough resources to set up and run their sandboxes, fragmented enforcement could result in some authorities receiving more resources than others, leading to uneven capacities. AI providers might therefore intentionally choose less stringent sandboxes, risking inconsistencies in the act’s enforcement.

Time

Challenges related to the design and fragmented implementation are compounded by additional time constraints. The AI Act provisions related to regulatory sandboxes will take effect from 2 August 2026. Since the Commission has not yet adopted any implementing acts providing guidance, Member States have to act independently to design their sandboxes, recruit and train staff, and build capacity.

State of play and next steps National implementation

In August 2025, Deirdre Ahern noted that out of the 27 Member States, only one – Spain – has an AI regulatory sandbox which is up and running. Five are actively implementing their sandboxes, four have declared their intention to do so and 16 have not yet communicated their plans. Spain seems to be the most advanced Member State currently, as its sandbox opened in 2025 and began hosting 12 high-risk AI systems. This initial experience enabled the Spanish authority, AESIA, to publish guidelines in December 2025 to support the implementation and compliance of systems with the AI Act. The act further obliges the Commission to develop a single, dedicated interface containing all relevant information on AI regulatory sandboxes to allow stakeholders to interact with them.

Secondary legislation and omnibus

Under the AI Act, the Commission must adopt implementing acts specifying how to establish, develop, implement, operate and supervise the sandboxes. In December 2025, the Commission published a draft version and requested feedback by January 2026. In the recitals of the draft, the Commission insists on the need to ensure consistent implementation of the rules. In addition to the implementing acts, a new regulation known as the digital omnibus on AI has been proposed by the Commission to amend the AI Act. The proposal suggests granting the Commission the right to create an EU‑level AI regulatory sandbox for AI systems under its supervision and strengthen coordination between national sandboxes. As of March 2025, the relevant European Parliament committees are engaged in examining the proposal.

Read this ‘at a glance’ note on ‘AI regulatory sandboxes: State of play and implementation challenges‘ in the Think Tank pages of the European Parliament.

444.hu: Elraboltak egy szabadúszó amerikai újságírót Bagdadban az iraki belügyminisztérium tájékoztatása szerint. Shelly Kittlesont kedd (3. 31.) este rabolták el – közölte az Al-Monitor nevű hírportál, amelynek korábban cikkeket írt. A biztonsági erők üldözőbe vették az újságíró elrablóit, az autós üldözés során az emberrablók egyik kocsija felborult, egy gyanúsítottat pedig letartóztattak. Az amerikai külügyminisztérium egy tisztviselője elmondta, hogy az iraki hatóságok egy olyan személyt vettek őrizetbe, aki kapcsolatban áll a Kataib Hezbollah nevű, Iránhoz húzó milíciával.

"Nagy Kulturális Mozgósítás" néven hatalmas tüntetésre került sor kedden (3. 31.) Pozsonyban, amelyet a Nyitott Kultúra! platform szervezett Martina Šimkovičová (SNS-jelölt) kulturális miniszter megállítása céljából. A városközponton tartott felvonulás olyan intézmények mellett haladt el, amelyek a szervezők szerint felelősek az összeomlás szélére sodródott kulturális szféra állapotáért.

Credit: UN Photo/Pasqual Gorri

By UN Development Programme
AMMAN / NEW YORK , Apr 1 2026 (IPS)

New estimates by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) suggest the military escalation in the Middle East, now into its fifth week, may cost economies in the region from 3.7 to 6.0 percent of their collective Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

This represents a staggering loss of US$120-194 billion and exceeds the cumulative regional GDP growth achieved in 2025. Coupled with an estimated rise in unemployment of up to 4 percentage points or 3.6 million jobs lost—more than the total jobs created in the region in 2025, these reversals will push up to 4 million people into poverty.

The assessment — “Military Escalation in the Middle East: Economic and Social Implications for the Arab States region” — exposes the concerning reality of structural vulnerabilities characteristic to the region, which enable a short lived military escalation to generate profound and widespread socio economic impacts that may persist over a long-term.

“This crisis rings alarm bells for countries of the region to fundamentally reevaluate their strategic choices of fiscal, sectoral, and social policies, representing an important turning point in the development trajectory of the region,” said Abdallah AlDardari, UN Assistant Secretary General and Director of the Regional Bureau for Arab State in UNDP.

“Our findings underline the pressing need to strengthen regional collaboration to diversify economies—beyond reliance on growth driven by hydrocarbons, and to expand production bases, secure trade and logistics systems, and broaden economic partnerships, to reduce exposure to shocks and conflicts.”

The assessment employs Computable General Equilibrium modelling to capture the magnitude of disruptions caused by a four-week conflict, and models its effects through key transmission channels, including increased trade costs, temporary productivity losses, and localized capital destruction.

It conducted five simulation scenarios, representing escalating levels of conflict scenarios, ranging from a “moderate disruption,” where trade costs increase by tenfold, to an “extreme disruption and energy shock,” where trade costs increase a hundred-fold, intensified by a stop of hydrocarbon production.

The findings highlight that impacts are not uniform, varying significantly across the region due to structural characteristics of its main subregions. Estimates suggest that the largest macroeconomic losses are concentrated in Gulf Cooperation Council and the Levant subregions, where strong exposure to trade disruptions and energy market volatility drives significant declines in output, investment, and trade.

Both subregions stand to lose 5.2-8.5 percent and 5.2-8.7 percent of their GDP, respectively. Increases in poverty rates are concentrated in the Levant and Least Developed Arab Countries, where baseline vulnerability is highest and shocks translate more strongly into welfare losses. In North Africa, impacts remain moderate but still significant in absolute terms.

In the Levant, the crisis is expected to increase poverty by 5 percent, pushing an additional 2.85-3.30 million people into poverty—accounting for over 75 percent of the rise in poverty across the region. Across the region, human development as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) is expected to decline by approximately 0.2 to 0.4 percent, corresponding to a setback of roughly half a year to nearly one year of human development progress.

Footnote

• The Assessment will be available online—through the following link.
• This Assessment if part is part of a series of rapid assessments that UNDP is producing on the impacts of the Middle East military escalation on Iran, the Arab States in the region, Africa, the Asia Pacific region and on the global development outlook.
• Results presented in this brief should be interpreted as illustrative estimates of potential outcomes under different shock intensities, rather than realized impacts.
• Impact estimates are presented for four Arab States subregional groupings, including:
• Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates
• The Levant, including Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, the State of Palestine and Syria
• North Africa, including Algeria, Egypt, Libya Morocco and Tunisia
• Least Developed Arab countries (LDCs), including Sudan and Yemen—insufficient data did not allow for simulating impacts on Djibouti and Somalia.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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A Szlovák Hidrometeorológiai Intézet (SHMÚ) előrejelzése szerint felhős/borús időjárás várható szerdán (4. 1.). Napközben helyenként felszakadozhat a felhőzet. Elvétve, északon és keleten helyenként, zápor vagy eső kerekedhet. A középhegységektől felfelé havazás lesz a jellemző – eleinte hónyelvek kialakulásával is számolni kell.

Depuis l'effondrement mortel de l'auvent de la gare de Novi Sad, le 1er novembre 2024, la Serbie se soulève contre la corruption meurtrière du régime du président Vučić et pour le respect de l'État de droit. Cette exigence de justice menée par les étudiants a gagné tout le pays. Suivez les dernières informations en temps réel et en accès libre.

- Le fil de l'Info / Gratuit, Courrier des Balkans, Une - Diaporama, Vucic, Serbie, Politique, Société

Depuis l'effondrement mortel de l'auvent de la gare de Novi Sad, le 1er novembre 2024, la Serbie se soulève contre la corruption meurtrière du régime du président Vučić et pour le respect de l'État de droit. Cette exigence de justice menée par les étudiants a gagné tout le pays. Suivez les dernières informations en temps réel et en accès libre.

- Le fil de l'Info / Gratuit, Courrier des Balkans, Une - Diaporama, Vucic, Serbie, Politique, Société

DR Congo qualify for their first World Cup since 1974 as Axel Tuanzebe's strike gives the Leopards a 1-0 win over Jamaica in their play-off.

DR Congo qualify for their first World Cup since 1974 as Axel Tuanzebe's strike gives the Leopards a 1-0 win over Jamaica in their play-off.

Fans are warned against xenophobic remarks and singing during Spain's friendly against Egypt in Barcelona on Tuesday.

Le documentaire La vente secrète des juifs de Roumanie du réalisateur Pierre Goetschel sera projeté à Douai dans le cadre du FiGRA.
Le 31 mars 2026 à 11h 05
Renseignements : [https://www.figra.https://www.figra.fr/]

- Agenda / Roumanie, France - Régions

Eritrea are one of six nations to reach the group stage of qualification for Afcon 2027, having played their first games in the competition since 2007.

Eritrea are one of six nations to reach the group stage of qualification for Afcon 2027, having played their first games in the competition since 2007.

En visite officielle au Royaume de Belgique, le ministre d’État, ministre des Affaires étrangères, de la Communauté nationale à l’étranger et des Affaires africaines, Ahmed […]

L’article Visite d’Attaf à Bruxelles : l’Algérie et la Belgique affichent leur volonté de renforcer leurs liens est apparu en premier sur .

Depuis l'effondrement mortel de l'auvent de la gare de Novi Sad, le 1er novembre 2024, la Serbie se soulève contre la corruption meurtrière du régime du président Vučić et pour le respect de l'État de droit. Cette exigence de justice menée par les étudiants a gagné tout le pays. Suivez les dernières informations en temps réel et en accès libre.

- Le fil de l'Info / Gratuit, Courrier des Balkans, Une - Diaporama, Vucic, Serbie, Politique, Société

Dans un communiqué publié ce mardi 31 mars, le ministère du Commerce extérieur et de la Promotion des exportations a annoncé une mesure importante à […]

L’article Importations : l’AAPI lance un appel important aux investisseurs algériens est apparu en premier sur .