Diplomacy & Defense Think Tank News

To mitigate global heating, this technology is being proposed as an option. The big problem is that it is impossible to assess what risks global application would lead to.

To mitigate global heating, this technology is being proposed as an option. The big problem is that it is impossible to assess what risks global application would lead to.

To mitigate global heating, this technology is being proposed as an option. The big problem is that it is impossible to assess what risks global application would lead to.

Die Technologie ist im Gespräch, um die Erderwärmung zu bekämpfen. In globalem Maßstab angewandt, sind ihre Risiken allerdings nicht absehbar.

Die Technologie ist im Gespräch, um die Erderwärmung zu bekämpfen. In globalem Maßstab angewandt, sind ihre Risiken allerdings nicht absehbar.

Die Technologie ist im Gespräch, um die Erderwärmung zu bekämpfen. In globalem Maßstab angewandt, sind ihre Risiken allerdings nicht absehbar.

With the establishment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), countries worldwide agreed to a prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable future for all. This ambition, however, exposes a critical gap in science-based insights, namely on how to achieve the 17 SDGs simultaneously. Quantitative goal-seeking scenario studies could help explore the needed systems' transformations. This requires a clear definition of the "target space." The 169 targets and 232 indicators used for monitoring SDG implementation cannot be used for this; they are too many, too broad, unstructured, and sometimes not formulated quantitatively. Here, we propose a streamlined set of science-based indicators and associated target values that are quantifiable and actionable to make scenario analysis meaningful, relevant, and simple enough to be transparent and communicable. The 36 targets are based on the SDGs, existing multilateral agreements, literature, and expert assessment. They include 2050 as a longer-term reference point. This target space can guide researchers in developing new sustainable development pathways.

With the establishment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), countries worldwide agreed to a prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable future for all. This ambition, however, exposes a critical gap in science-based insights, namely on how to achieve the 17 SDGs simultaneously. Quantitative goal-seeking scenario studies could help explore the needed systems' transformations. This requires a clear definition of the "target space." The 169 targets and 232 indicators used for monitoring SDG implementation cannot be used for this; they are too many, too broad, unstructured, and sometimes not formulated quantitatively. Here, we propose a streamlined set of science-based indicators and associated target values that are quantifiable and actionable to make scenario analysis meaningful, relevant, and simple enough to be transparent and communicable. The 36 targets are based on the SDGs, existing multilateral agreements, literature, and expert assessment. They include 2050 as a longer-term reference point. This target space can guide researchers in developing new sustainable development pathways.

With the establishment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), countries worldwide agreed to a prosperous, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable future for all. This ambition, however, exposes a critical gap in science-based insights, namely on how to achieve the 17 SDGs simultaneously. Quantitative goal-seeking scenario studies could help explore the needed systems' transformations. This requires a clear definition of the "target space." The 169 targets and 232 indicators used for monitoring SDG implementation cannot be used for this; they are too many, too broad, unstructured, and sometimes not formulated quantitatively. Here, we propose a streamlined set of science-based indicators and associated target values that are quantifiable and actionable to make scenario analysis meaningful, relevant, and simple enough to be transparent and communicable. The 36 targets are based on the SDGs, existing multilateral agreements, literature, and expert assessment. They include 2050 as a longer-term reference point. This target space can guide researchers in developing new sustainable development pathways.

With its unique multilateral assets, the United Nations Development System (UNDS) should be playing a key role in assisting governments and other stakeholders with their implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. But this requires change. Despite improvements in recent decades, too often the UNDS has continued to act as a loose assemblage of competing entities, undermining its effective support for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. It is against that backdrop that the UNDS has been undergoing an extensive reform – that was decided on in 2018 and has been implemented since 2019 – to provide more coherent, integrated support in line with requirements of the 2030 Agenda to United Nations (UN) programme countries. What effects have the reforms yielded at the country level? This paper presents the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from our research on UNDS reform implementation. It does so with a focus on reform-induced changes towards what we call a strengthened, collective offer at the country level. Overall, our research shows that reform implementation is moving the needle on the quality of the collective offer. In particular, with regard to its institutional element, we observed that the reform has fostered change in how UN country teams work together that is in line with what the 2030 Agenda demands. Institutional changes allow for increased cross-organisational and cross-sectoral coordination, which could potentially lead to increased policy coherence. But while we see substantial progress, it remains incomplete, fragile and subject to structural limitations. A more critical picture emerges with regard to change in the substantive component of the collective offer in the areas of SDG integration, cross-border work and normative approaches. While there were positive examples, we found little evidence of a systematic repositioning in these areas. The adjustment of the UNDS to the 2030 Agenda does not (yet) meet the expectations derived from the UN’s own reform ambition.

With its unique multilateral assets, the United Nations Development System (UNDS) should be playing a key role in assisting governments and other stakeholders with their implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. But this requires change. Despite improvements in recent decades, too often the UNDS has continued to act as a loose assemblage of competing entities, undermining its effective support for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. It is against that backdrop that the UNDS has been undergoing an extensive reform – that was decided on in 2018 and has been implemented since 2019 – to provide more coherent, integrated support in line with requirements of the 2030 Agenda to United Nations (UN) programme countries. What effects have the reforms yielded at the country level? This paper presents the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from our research on UNDS reform implementation. It does so with a focus on reform-induced changes towards what we call a strengthened, collective offer at the country level. Overall, our research shows that reform implementation is moving the needle on the quality of the collective offer. In particular, with regard to its institutional element, we observed that the reform has fostered change in how UN country teams work together that is in line with what the 2030 Agenda demands. Institutional changes allow for increased cross-organisational and cross-sectoral coordination, which could potentially lead to increased policy coherence. But while we see substantial progress, it remains incomplete, fragile and subject to structural limitations. A more critical picture emerges with regard to change in the substantive component of the collective offer in the areas of SDG integration, cross-border work and normative approaches. While there were positive examples, we found little evidence of a systematic repositioning in these areas. The adjustment of the UNDS to the 2030 Agenda does not (yet) meet the expectations derived from the UN’s own reform ambition.

With its unique multilateral assets, the United Nations Development System (UNDS) should be playing a key role in assisting governments and other stakeholders with their implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. But this requires change. Despite improvements in recent decades, too often the UNDS has continued to act as a loose assemblage of competing entities, undermining its effective support for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. It is against that backdrop that the UNDS has been undergoing an extensive reform – that was decided on in 2018 and has been implemented since 2019 – to provide more coherent, integrated support in line with requirements of the 2030 Agenda to United Nations (UN) programme countries. What effects have the reforms yielded at the country level? This paper presents the main findings, conclusions and recommendations from our research on UNDS reform implementation. It does so with a focus on reform-induced changes towards what we call a strengthened, collective offer at the country level. Overall, our research shows that reform implementation is moving the needle on the quality of the collective offer. In particular, with regard to its institutional element, we observed that the reform has fostered change in how UN country teams work together that is in line with what the 2030 Agenda demands. Institutional changes allow for increased cross-organisational and cross-sectoral coordination, which could potentially lead to increased policy coherence. But while we see substantial progress, it remains incomplete, fragile and subject to structural limitations. A more critical picture emerges with regard to change in the substantive component of the collective offer in the areas of SDG integration, cross-border work and normative approaches. While there were positive examples, we found little evidence of a systematic repositioning in these areas. The adjustment of the UNDS to the 2030 Agenda does not (yet) meet the expectations derived from the UN’s own reform ambition.

Climate change and development are strongly interconnected. An efficient use of financial resources therefore requires alignment between climate finance and development priorities, as set out in the context of both the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this paper, we investigate to what extent climate-related official development assistance (ODA) before and after the Paris Agreement adoption supports the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, we assess to what extent donors align this finance with recipient countries’ climate-related priorities as spelled out in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). First, we find that climate-relevant ODA contributes to multiple SDGs, above all SDG7 (energy) and SDG11 (cities). Second, we find that there is substantial alignment between donors’ and recipients’ SDG priorities, but that this alignment has not improved in recent years, since the conclusion of the Paris Agreement. Third, we find that although climate finance continues to be allocated more to climate-change mitigation than to adaptation, the difference has become smaller in recent years. This has reduced the misalignment with recipient countries’ NDC climate activities, which focus more on adaptation than on mitigation. Overall, we identify coherence, gaps and opportunities for further alignment of climate and development actions and related finance. Such an alignment is essential to increase the likelihood of implementation of the two international agreements and to ensure that action is guided by recipient countries’ needs.

Climate change and development are strongly interconnected. An efficient use of financial resources therefore requires alignment between climate finance and development priorities, as set out in the context of both the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this paper, we investigate to what extent climate-related official development assistance (ODA) before and after the Paris Agreement adoption supports the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, we assess to what extent donors align this finance with recipient countries’ climate-related priorities as spelled out in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). First, we find that climate-relevant ODA contributes to multiple SDGs, above all SDG7 (energy) and SDG11 (cities). Second, we find that there is substantial alignment between donors’ and recipients’ SDG priorities, but that this alignment has not improved in recent years, since the conclusion of the Paris Agreement. Third, we find that although climate finance continues to be allocated more to climate-change mitigation than to adaptation, the difference has become smaller in recent years. This has reduced the misalignment with recipient countries’ NDC climate activities, which focus more on adaptation than on mitigation. Overall, we identify coherence, gaps and opportunities for further alignment of climate and development actions and related finance. Such an alignment is essential to increase the likelihood of implementation of the two international agreements and to ensure that action is guided by recipient countries’ needs.

Climate change and development are strongly interconnected. An efficient use of financial resources therefore requires alignment between climate finance and development priorities, as set out in the context of both the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this paper, we investigate to what extent climate-related official development assistance (ODA) before and after the Paris Agreement adoption supports the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, we assess to what extent donors align this finance with recipient countries’ climate-related priorities as spelled out in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). First, we find that climate-relevant ODA contributes to multiple SDGs, above all SDG7 (energy) and SDG11 (cities). Second, we find that there is substantial alignment between donors’ and recipients’ SDG priorities, but that this alignment has not improved in recent years, since the conclusion of the Paris Agreement. Third, we find that although climate finance continues to be allocated more to climate-change mitigation than to adaptation, the difference has become smaller in recent years. This has reduced the misalignment with recipient countries’ NDC climate activities, which focus more on adaptation than on mitigation. Overall, we identify coherence, gaps and opportunities for further alignment of climate and development actions and related finance. Such an alignment is essential to increase the likelihood of implementation of the two international agreements and to ensure that action is guided by recipient countries’ needs.

Digitalization is a disruptive megatrend which cannot be stopped but needs to be steered and used. Just how regulators should respond to it is less clear. For instance, Jordanian authorities faced the boom of the ride-hailing platform Careem, now an Uber subsidiary, in Jordan’s capital Amman. They were forced to choose between licensing Careem, and thus allowing flexible yet informal job creation, or protecting the entrenched taxi businesses. Against the backdrop of Jordan’s dire economic situation and rampant unemployment figures, regulators decided for a middle way, licensing ride-hailing platforms, yet limiting their growth and confining them to an upmarket line of business. As this paper demonstrates, this approach created new fractions and insider-outsider dynamics on the labour market.
The paper draws on interviews with Careem and taxi drivers, as well as expert interviews with staff and customers in 2019 to show (i) how Careem drivers’ employment situation allowed for comparatively high income opportunities but exposed them to considerable financial risks also due to obligatory car ownership, and (ii) how regulators’ differentiated approach created fairer competition but also led to labour market segmentation by distorting wage levels and incentives for the highly-skilled, who also experience de-skilling while working outside their professional field. Vulnerabilities and precarious working conditions were further exposed during the Covid-19 lockdowns.

Digitalization is a disruptive megatrend which cannot be stopped but needs to be steered and used. Just how regulators should respond to it is less clear. For instance, Jordanian authorities faced the boom of the ride-hailing platform Careem, now an Uber subsidiary, in Jordan’s capital Amman. They were forced to choose between licensing Careem, and thus allowing flexible yet informal job creation, or protecting the entrenched taxi businesses. Against the backdrop of Jordan’s dire economic situation and rampant unemployment figures, regulators decided for a middle way, licensing ride-hailing platforms, yet limiting their growth and confining them to an upmarket line of business. As this paper demonstrates, this approach created new fractions and insider-outsider dynamics on the labour market.
The paper draws on interviews with Careem and taxi drivers, as well as expert interviews with staff and customers in 2019 to show (i) how Careem drivers’ employment situation allowed for comparatively high income opportunities but exposed them to considerable financial risks also due to obligatory car ownership, and (ii) how regulators’ differentiated approach created fairer competition but also led to labour market segmentation by distorting wage levels and incentives for the highly-skilled, who also experience de-skilling while working outside their professional field. Vulnerabilities and precarious working conditions were further exposed during the Covid-19 lockdowns.

Digitalization is a disruptive megatrend which cannot be stopped but needs to be steered and used. Just how regulators should respond to it is less clear. For instance, Jordanian authorities faced the boom of the ride-hailing platform Careem, now an Uber subsidiary, in Jordan’s capital Amman. They were forced to choose between licensing Careem, and thus allowing flexible yet informal job creation, or protecting the entrenched taxi businesses. Against the backdrop of Jordan’s dire economic situation and rampant unemployment figures, regulators decided for a middle way, licensing ride-hailing platforms, yet limiting their growth and confining them to an upmarket line of business. As this paper demonstrates, this approach created new fractions and insider-outsider dynamics on the labour market.
The paper draws on interviews with Careem and taxi drivers, as well as expert interviews with staff and customers in 2019 to show (i) how Careem drivers’ employment situation allowed for comparatively high income opportunities but exposed them to considerable financial risks also due to obligatory car ownership, and (ii) how regulators’ differentiated approach created fairer competition but also led to labour market segmentation by distorting wage levels and incentives for the highly-skilled, who also experience de-skilling while working outside their professional field. Vulnerabilities and precarious working conditions were further exposed during the Covid-19 lockdowns.